Connections Between Prefrontal Cortex Anatomy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review.

This review looked at how the front part of the brain (prefrontal cortex) is different in people with autism. Researchers found that this brain area, which helps with thinking, emotions, and social skills, shows structural and functional differences in autism. These changes may be caused by multiple factors including problems with brain chemicals and nutrients, suggesting autism has complex causes.

This literature review examined structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with autism spectrum disorder, analyzing publications from 2010-2025. The review identified anatomical variations and abnormalities within the PFC, including disruptions in neural connectivity, synaptic plasticity, and neurochemical balance that contribute to cognitive, social, and emotional deficits in ASD. Key findings highlighted the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor dysregulation, oxidative stress, and trace element imbalances in exacerbating PFC dysfunction. The authors concluded that PFC anatomy plays a crucial role in ASD pathophysiology due to its involvement in executive function, emotional processing, and social cognition, suggesting multifactorial causes requiring comprehensive research approaches.

Findings suggest that interventions targeting prefrontal cortex function may benefit individuals with ASD, particularly those addressing executive function, emotional regulation, and social cognition. The multifactorial nature of PFC dysfunction indicates that comprehensive treatment approaches considering neurochemical, nutritional, and connectivity factors may be most effective.

As a literature review without original data collection, findings depend on the quality and consistency of included studies. No sample size reported and methodology for study selection unclear. The review covers a broad timeframe but specific inclusion criteria not detailed.

This review examines the existing literature on the structural and functional changes in the anatomy of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on the roles of molecular signaling disruptions and trace element imbalances. A literature review was performed through a structured search of academic publications from 2010 to 2025. Anatomic variations and structural and functional abnormalities within the PFC, including disruptions in neural connectivity, synaptic plasticity, and neurochemical balance, significantly contribute to the cognitive, social, and emotional deficits observed in ASD. The interplay between brain-derived neurotrophic factor dysregulation, oxidative stress, and trace element imbalances further exacerbates these dysfunctions.

According to our findings, the anatomy of the PFC appears to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ASD, given its involvement in executive function, emotional processing, and social cognition, suggesting a multifactorial pathophysiology that demands a multidimensional research approach.