Preclinical models for autism spectrum disorder: past, present, and future.

This review looks at the different laboratory models scientists use to study autism. While mouse and rat models are most commonly used, researchers have developed other animal models and cell-based studies that are faster and cheaper to use. The review examines how well these different models copy the features of autism and discusses which ones might be best for different types of research to help develop better treatments.

This comprehensive review examines preclinical models used in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research, focusing on their ability to replicate the behavioral and molecular features of autism. While rodent models remain the most trusted approach, the authors evaluate various non-rodent animal models and in vitro systems that have emerged over the past two decades. These alternative models offer advantages in terms of speed, cost-effectiveness, and reliability for investigating autism pathophysiology, genetics, and potential therapeutics. The review assesses the reliability of available models, discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages, with the goal of helping researchers select optimal models to enhance translational value in ASD research.

The review provides researchers with guidance on selecting appropriate preclinical models for autism research, potentially improving the quality and translational relevance of future studies. Better model selection could accelerate the development of effective autism interventions and improve understanding of autism pathophysiology.

This is a narrative review without systematic methodology reported. No sample size or specific inclusion criteria mentioned. The review does not provide quantitative analysis of model validity or comparative effectiveness data between different preclinical approaches.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders linked to neurobehavioral abnormalities in children. Despite substantial research suggesting the role of environmental and genetic variables in ASD development, the etiology and pathophysiology of autism still need exploration. To unveil the pathophysiology, genetics, and therapeutics of autism, many preclinical animal models are employed, with rodent models being most trusted. In the last two decades' various non-rodent animal models and in vitro models for autism have been proposed, which are quick, economic, and trustworthy to investigate.

However, there are concerns about mimicking behavioral and molecular features of autism. In this review, we have compiled the preclinical models that can help us comprehend the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of autism. The review discusses the reliability of available models along with their advantages and disadvantages. The inference from the review will provide insight to the researchers into all possible preclinical models for autism and select the best one to improve the translational value in ASD research.