Catatonia in autism spectrum disorder: Analysis of clinical characteristics, stressful life events, and validation of the attenuated behavior questionnaire (ABQ).

Researchers studied 300 young people with autism (ages 12-25) in Turkey to test a questionnaire that helps identify catatonia - a condition involving movement and behavior problems. About 11% had catatonia, which was linked to losing social and language skills, mental health issues, and stressful events. The questionnaire showed good accuracy for spotting catatonia symptoms, which could help with earlier diagnosis and support.

This Turkish study validated the Attenuated Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ) for detecting catatonia in 300 individuals with autism spectrum disorder aged 12-25 years. Catatonia was diagnosed in 10.7% of participants using DSM-5 criteria and clinical scales. The ABQ demonstrated strong reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.979) with established diagnostic and screening cut-off points. Individuals with both ASD and catatonia showed significantly higher rates of late regression in social and language skills, psychiatric comorbidities, and recent stressful life events.

They also scored higher on multiple clinical assessment scales including BFCRS, KANNER, CARS, RBS, and ABC, supporting the clinical utility of the ABQ for early identification.

The validated ABQ provides clinicians with a reliable screening tool for catatonia in ASD. Results suggest need for increased vigilance for catatonia symptoms, particularly following skill regression, psychiatric comorbidities, or stressful events. Early identification could facilitate timely intervention and support.

Single-country study limiting generalizability. Cross-sectional design prevents causal inferences about stressful events and catatonia development. Sample characteristics and recruitment methods not fully detailed in abstract.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and catatonia exhibit overlapping motor and behavioral symptoms; however, catatonia is often underdiagnosed in individuals with ASD. This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Attenuated Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ) and explores the clinical characteristics of individuals with ASD and catatonia. The study involved 300 participants with ASD, aged 12-25 years. Parents completed the ABQ, Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS), and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), while clinicians evaluated catatonia using DSM-5 criteria, the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), KANNER Scale, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).

Regression in social and language skills and stressful life events from the previous six months were also assessed. The mean age of participants was 16.0 years, with 32 (10.7 %) diagnosed with catatonia; among these, 15.3 % experienced regression, and 25.0 % reported stressful life events. The ABQ showed strong validity and reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.979), with ROC analysis determining diagnostic (92.5) and screening (39.5) cut-off points. Participants with ASD and catatonia had significantly elevated rates of late regression, impairments in social and language skills, psychiatric comorbidities, and stressful life events, and they scored considerably higher on BFCRS, KANNER, CARS, RBS, and ABC (all p < .05).

Our findings highlight high prevalence of catatonia among individuals with ASD and its association with late regression, social and language impairments, psychiatric comorbidities, and stressful life events and underscore the clinical utility of the ABQ in identifying catatonic symptoms in ASD and emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention.